IIII vs IV

Why modern canonical form prefers IV over IIII—and when clocks still use IIII.

IIII is not the standard modern canonical form for 4.

IV

4 in Roman numerals is IV.

What is wrong

I should use subtractive notation before V for 4 (IV).

Canonical form

IV is produced by this site’s conversion engine for 4.

Clock faces

Many clock dials use IIII for 4. That is a well-known dial convention and differs from the modern canonical teaching form IV. There is no single universally agreed historical reason that explains every dial; treat IIII-on-clocks as a convention, not as the converter standard. See Roman numerals on clocks.

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